Essay on Brief History and Introduction of Privacy and...

Brief History and Introduction of Privacy and Human Rights From Article 21 of the Japan Constitution states, â€Å"Freedom of assembly and association as well as speech, press and all other forms of expression are guaranteed. No censorship shall be maintained, nor shall the secrecy of any means of communication be violated.† Article 35 states, â€Å"The right of all persons to be secure in their homes, papers and effects against entries, searches and seizures shall not be impaired except upon warrant issued for adequate cause and particularly describing the place to be searched and things to be seized . . . Each search or seizure shall be made upon separate warrant issued by a competent judicial officer.†1 A 1988 Act for the†¦show more content†¦In January of 2000, the government gathered the Expert Committee for Drafting Law of Personal Data Protection under the advanced Information and Telecommunications Society Promotion Headquarters to develop a law to protect personal information on the basis of the Interim Report of the Working Party. The panel then released a report in June of 2000 urging the adoption of legal protections for processing of personal information by businesses and the creation of a government office to handle complaints and investigation. In February of 1998, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry established a Supervisory Authority for the Protection of Personal Data to monitor a new system for granting of â€Å"privacy marks† to businesses committing to the handling of the personal data in accordance with the MITI guidelines. The â€Å"privacy mark† system was administered by the Japan Information Processing Development Center (JIPDEC). JIPDEC was a joint public/private agency. Any company that does not comply with the industry guidelines will be excluded from relevant industry bodies and not granted the privacy protection mark. And then they will most likely be penalized by the market forces. Software Related Privacy Issues There were two software related issues that have arisen, one more recent than the other. First, back in 1999, Japan passed someShow MoreRelatedRelevant Laws And Legal Authority1277 Words   |  6 PagesRelevant laws and legal authority The conduct of biomedical research that involves the human subjects deals with many ethical and legal issues and these issues must be handled by the law to make sure transparency in the research. The legal issues have concerned lawyers, policy makers, researchers, philosophers, scientists, and clinicians for many years and the end result was the formulation of laws in conductance of human subject research.(Kapp, 2006). In July 12, 1974 the National Research Act was signedRead MoreThe HIPAA Law and Its Importance777 Words   |  3 Pageswant to inform my audience about HIPAA â€Å"Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act†. Thesis: Three things that every patient should new about HIPAA; what is HIPAA, Privacy regulations, and sanctions of violations Introduction: I. [attention getter] In 2013 ISU has agreed to pay 400.000 to the U.S. Department of Health Human Services (HHS) because of alleged violations of HIPAA. About 17,500 patients their informations were in unsafe electronic protected health information (ePHI). A. When youRead MoreCitizenship952 Words   |  4 PagesSpearman What is the human rights status in your country ? use your own word, make a brief introduction to the status and / or development of equality rights and social rights of your nation. Are there things to do to make improvement for the status? Guidelines: * Equality between sexes * Racial equality * Religion equality * Classes equality * Education right * Property Right * Environmental Right * Right to Privacy The UnitedRead MoreSocial Work Values And Ethics1441 Words   |  6 Pages 1 Social Work Values and Ethics Unique to the Profession Jessica A. Rosario Arizona State University Social Work Values and Ethics 2 Abstract The history and evolution of social work dates to the late 1800’s. Since the profession was recognized many concerns arose regarding the values and ethics of social workers. 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Neural Network Concept in Artificial Intelligence Essay

Neural Network Concept in Artificial Intelligence Abstract Since the 1980s there have been renewed research efforts dedicated to neural networks. The present interest is largely due to the difficult problems confronted by artificial intelligence, and due to the deeper understanding of how the brain works, the recent developments in theoretical models, technologies and algorithms. One motivation of neural network research is the desire to build a new breed of powerful computers to solve a variety of problems that have proved to be very difficult with conventional computers. Another motivation is the desire to develop cognitive models that can serve as an alternative way to artificial intelligence. Human brain functions have not yet†¦show more content†¦A neural network structure is based on: Node characteristics The nodes of a directed network are called processing units. The state of the unit represents the potential of a neuron. It can also be called activation. The state of a neuron is affected by its previous state, the total acc umulated input signals, and the activation function. As the signal generated at a neuron cell body is transmitted down the axon and then distributed to the synapses, the property of this transmission path may affect the ultimate signal that arrives at the synapses. This can be described by the output function of the unit. 1. Input Function: The synapses and the signal modulations are simulated by links and link functions in neural networks. The signals received by the unit in a neural network may come from different types of output signals (binary, continuous, symbolic), undergo modulations of different link functions, and the link can be of different types (inhibitory, excitatory). Ports for input signals are called sites. All incoming links are impinging upon the sites instead of directly upon the units themselves. 2. Activation Function: The total stimuli coming to a unit is defined to be the sum of the all signals coming from other units. The total stimuli to a node i can be wri tten as sitotal = à ¥j sij where sij is the signal at j-th site of i-th unit. The state of a activation of a unit can be either discrete orShow MoreRelatedArtificial Intelligence Concepts : The Future Of AI1711 Words   |  7 Pagesproponents to different concepts. Dr. Ayala, you’re a strong proponent of connectionism, while Dr. Ruiz is a strong supporter of symbol manipulation. Mr. Skep Ticks is a skeptic of the aforementioned concepts and believes that AIs cannot be intelligent. Intelligence, he believes, can only be simulated by systems but not created. Having all of you seated in front of me brings about the unique opportunity to ask if either of you believe that a machine can achieve intelligence. 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They have made it conceivable to recreate complex activities thatRead MoreA Brief Introduction To Artificial Intelligence For Normal People1691 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to Artificial Intelligence For Normal People By Marc Crouch | Submitted On June 22, 2016 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Marc Crouch Lately, artificial intelligence has been veryRead MoreArtificial Intelligence Of Medicine ( Aim )1571 Words   |  7 Pages 3.1 Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Artificial intelligence in Medicine (AIM) [‎18,‎19] frameworks are expected to help healthcare laborers in the typical course of their obligations, supporting assignments that depend on the control of data and information. 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Within this paper, I will talk about not only what I learned in class, but also what I found to be interesting and what I will probably use in the future. The topics I feel I learned the most about were Genetic Algorithms (GAs) and Neural Networks (NNs). A GA is a learning model that owes its performance

Genetics of Organisms lab report Free Essays

Measuring only a few millimeters in length, fruit flies take up a fraction of the room of other organisms such as fish or rats that have also been used in such research. The flies are small enough to be compact, yet large enough to be seen in great detail under a dissecting microscope. Due to their size, cost of food and space to house them is extremely low, making them easily accessible to schools and laboratories every. We will write a custom essay sample on Genetics of Organisms lab report or any similar topic only for you Order Now Veer. The entire life cycle Of the fruit fly is a mere 30 days, 7-12 days of which are spent maturing. 2-15 hours after eggs are laid, larvae emerge for 4 days to grow and feed on toting fruit (which their eggs were laid on) before undergoing a 4 day metamorphosis after which they are adults. The rest of their adult lives are spent eating and mating (Fruit Fly). Females are able to mate as soon as 12-18 hours after the 4 day metamorphosis. Differentiating male and female flies is quite simple; males (left) have sex combs which look like small black dots on their front legs and have fewer dark lines across their abdomen. Females (right) are typically larger and have dark stripes across the abdomen and have an ovipositor extending from the lower abdomen (Lab Seven). Today, fruit flies are being used in stem cell research of gremlin cells. These highly vital gremlin cells become gametes and carry on the evolution of a species. Researchers at the university of Utah have been studying how germ stem cells protect themselves from becoming somatic cells using fruit flies. It all began in 1 922 at Massachusetts Institute of Technology where Ruth Lehmann discovered a gene she named â€Å"Oscar†. Oscar is responsible for adding a vital protein to the plasma of the germ stem cell that when inactive inhibits the production Of germ cells. When it is turned on, germ cells are produced and kept as stem cells through â€Å"extreme transcriptional repression†. During this process, DNA is inhibited from being transcribed to RNA which in turn means no gene expression. This research is delving into the specifics of stem cells which are suspected to hold treatments for many diseases (Scheduler). While our lab wasn’t investigating the mechanics of stem cell development, we studied the inheritance of traits though generations of flies. Our objective was to see the different patterns of inheritance that genes can take. To have exults as close to expected as possible we kept temperature, food and light constant throughout all tests as controls and let the mating and passing of traits be the variable. Keeping all other factors constant we hypothesized that if cross A showed monophonic inheritance it would have a 1:2:1 ratio, dibber crosses would have a 9:3:3:1 ratio and sex linked inheritance would show a ratio of inheritance. Materials Fruit Flies (Drosophila Melanomas) Cross A: Sepia female x Wild male Cross 8: Vestigial female x Sepia male Cross C: White female Wild male Colored tape Petri dishes Fruit fly blue media Flyway Plastic vials (with foam stoppers) Microscopes Paint Brushes Funnels â€Å"Morgue† Ice packs Procedure 1. Obtain a vial of Fl generation flies (either cross A,B, or C and make sure to label the vials as such). The first objective is to remove the flies from the vial without having them fly away. To prevent this, wedge a wand that has been dipped in fly nap between the foam stopper and the vial so that it reaches into the vial to anesthetize the flies. To help immobilizers them, placing the vials in a cool location or on an ice pack can help to calm them as they are Elian on environmental factors. 2. After the flies have been anesthetized, remove them from the vials and place them in Petri dishes with labels matching the vials they came from to avoid confusion. To remove the immobilizers flies from the vial, it is important to be gentle and avoid crushing any flies. The majority of the flies should fall from the vial when it is inverted, but to remove any that are left, a paintbrush can be very useful to move them without causing them any harm. 3. Once the flies are in Petri dishes, place them on ice packs to prevent the flies from waking up during counting. Place the ice pack and Petri dish under a dissecting microscope. With the help of the microscope, record the sex and phenotype of all flies. To maneuver the flies within the Petri dish, use a paint brush to avoid harm. The characteristics of sexing flies is described in the introduction on page 2. 4. Once the flies have been sorted by sex and phenotype, prepare the vials for the PA generation. Mix equal parts dry food and water and let it set in the vial. Make sure to label the vial with the phenotypes of each parent of the cross. . Once the vials are prepared, begin placing in pairs of male and male flies into the correctly labeled vials. Use paint brushes for moving flies if necessary. Cap these vials and place them in a warm area. These flies will mate and produce the IF generation 6. After the IF vials have been sitting for approximately 10-12 days, remove the adult flies. By this time the flies will have mated and the female will have laid her eggs. Removing the adults will prev ent Fl flies from mating with IF offspring. To do this, carefully use Nap (technique as described in step 1), being aware that fly larvae are more sensitive and may be fatally harmed by â€Å"over-napping†. Remove the flies by inverting the vial and placing the adult Fl flies in the â€Å"morgue† (a jar containing alcohol or baby oil). Then close the vial and allow it to sit for another 12-15 days. 7. After 12-15 days have passed, record the sex and phenotype of all adult flies. As described in steps 1-3 Flyway will be used to anesthetize the flies before they are removed from the vials to be put into Petri dishes for counting. Once all of the flies have been counted and recorded, place them into the â€Å"morgue† and dispose Of all vials. Rest Its Fl Results: Cross A -? Wild Male x Sepia Female E – Wild eyes e – Sepia eyes Cross B – Sepia eye normal wing male x Wild eye vestigial wing female beef x Beef Fee Beef Sepia eyes e F – Normal wings f – Vestigial Wings Cross C -? Wild male x White female Exe x EXE Exe Exe e – White eyes IF results: Cross A – Wild male x Wild female Chi-square Analysis Phenotype # Observed # Expected (o-e) (0-e)2 (0-e)2/e Wild eyes 256 260 -4 16 . 615 91 87 4 . 1 83 Chi-square Value . 25 Null Hypothesis: If a monophonic cross is performed between two fruit flies that are both heterozygous for eye color, the expected offspring counts would be in a 3 wild: 1 sepia ratio and would have a chi square value less than 5. 99. 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